Community reserves in India are protected areas established under the Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act of 2002. These reserves, typically private or community land not comprised within any existing protected areas, are declared to conserve significant Flora and Fauna mostly in human use areas.
The Kadalundi-Vallikunnu Community Reserve (KVCR) holds the distinction of being the first community reserve in Kerala. Situated in the Malabar region, it spans parts of Kozhikode and Malappuram districts and is co-managed by the respective Grama Panchayats. The reserve encompasses a total area of 153.84 hectares, including a designated Reserve Forest area of 21.22 hectares. This community-managed reserve protects a crucial wetland ecosystem including dense mangrove forests, mudflats and five islands (Company Thuruthu, Cheru Thuruthu, Cee Pee Thuruthu, Bala Thuruthu and Mannan Thuruthu).
| Serial No | Name of Reserve | Order | Year of Formation | District | Area(ha) |
|
1 |
Kadalundy Vallikunnu Community Reserve |
G.O.(MS) No.66/2007/ F&WLD |
2007 |
Kozhikkode & Malappuram |
153.84 |
Declaration
Notably, Section 36C (1) of the Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act of 2002 empowers the State Government to declare private or community land, outside existing protected areas, as a community reserve. This declaration occurs upon the voluntary participation of a community or individual committed to conserving wildlife, its habitat and traditional or cultural conservation values and practices within the designated area.
Boundary Delineation
The Kadalundi Panchayath forms the northern boundary of KVCR, while the southern boundary encompasses the mangrove-rich area along the left bank of the Kadalundi river within Vallikunnu Panchayath. The eastern boundary is demarcated by the Kottakadavu bridge and the Arabian Sea forms the western boundary.
Ecological Significance and Biodiversity
The Kadalundi-Vallikunnu Community Reserve boasts rich biological diversity. The mangrove forests provide vital shelter and nesting grounds for a wide variety of avian fauna including resident and migratory species. The mudflats, teeming with invertebrates like polychaetes and crabs, serve as a rich foraging area for these birds. Additionally, the wetland ecosystem acts as a critical spawning and nursery ground for fish and invertebrates, supporting coastal fisheries.
Adding to the reserve’s significance, the Management Plan of the KVCR has documented a rich diversity of species beyond birds. This includes 38 species of butterflies, 7 species of frogs, 23 species of reptiles and 15 species of mammals. Additionally, the reserve boasts an impressive 326 plant species, with 168 of them identified as medicinal plants. This remarkable biodiversity highlights the KVCR’s critical role in maintaining a healthy and balanced ecosystem.
Community Management and Livelihoods
KVCR is jointly managed by the Kadalundi and Vallikunnu Grama Panchayaths, highlighting the importance of community involvement in conservation efforts. Fishing, oyster picking and mussel farming are traditional livelihoods for local communities residing within the reserve. Ecotourism has also emerged as a sustainable source of income generation.
Recognized Importance
The ecological significance of the Kadalundi estuary led to its designation as a community reserve. KVCR’s rich wetland avian fauna and its resilience in the face of anthropogenic pressures further solidify its importance. The Indian Bird Conservation Network (IBCN) has recognized KVCR as an Important Bird Area and it holds the potential to qualify as a Ramsar site, a wetland of international significance.