Kerala, snuggled along India’s scenic Arabian Coast, unfolds as a medley of biodiversity, adorned with a nearly 600 km-long Arabian Sea shoreline and the verdant expanse of the Western Ghats. This southwestern state is renowned for its coconut tree-lined beaches and silver lace-like backwaters.
Covering close to 29 % of its landmass in dense forests, Kerala serves as a sanctuary for an impressive 25% of India’s plant species. Within this vibrant landscape, 1,272 plant species stand as endemic treasures, and the region boasts a significant repository of medicinal plants. The lush greenery of Kerala is a testament to the delicate balance it maintains between development and environmental conservation.
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Approximately 22% of India’s overall biodiversity finds its sanctuary within Kerala’s borders. The state proudly hosts 6 national parks and 18 sanctuaries, encapsulating 6% of its total land area. The Western Ghats, designated as one of the world’s eight biodiversity hotspots, emerge as a critical habitat for endemic species, including the majestic Asian elephant, the elusive lion-tailed macaque, and the Nilgiri tahr.
Despite its ecological significance, Kerala’s biodiversity faces mounting challenges. Deforestation for agriculture, logging, and infrastructure development pose threats to this delicate balance. As we navigate the intricate interplay between progress and preservation, there arises an imperative need for sustained and strategic conservation efforts.
H.A Van Rheede made the historical documentation of Kerala’s plant life through the publication of “Hortus Malabaricus”. Kerala’s biodiversity is deeply intertwined with its cultural identity. The diverse plant species documented in “Hortus Malabaricus” reflect a historical connection between the people and their environment. The unique practices associated with traditional medicine, agriculture, and rituals are rooted in the rich biodiversity that surrounds the communities.
Kerala’s commitment to biodiversity conservation is not merely a governmental endeavour; it is a collective responsibility. As we explore deeper into the world of biodiversity, the story of Kerala unfolds a wonderland of rare and precious plant and animal life, showcasing the region’s ecological richness.
