Kerala, situated in the south western region of India, consist a distinctive demographic landscape. With an estimated population of 35.9 million in 2024, it holds a unique position as the twenty-third largest state in India. Bounded by Karnataka to the north, Tamil Nadu to the east and south, and Arabian Sea to the west, Kerala’s charm lies in its green landscapes, backwaters, lakes, and mountain ranges, making it a prime destination for tourism.
Known as “Keralam” in local parlance, the name reflects the abundance of coconuts in the region, with ‘Kera’ meaning coconut and ‘alam’ signifying land. The state is celebrated for its high literacy rate of 94%, surpassing the national average by 20%. The state’s commitment to education is reflected in the continuous improvement in literacy rates across all districts. Notably, Kerala’s sex ratio is 1084 females to 1000 males, higher than the national average. This portrays a positive trend, indicating a healthier demographic outlook. The Total Fertility Rate, as per NFHS 2019-2021, 1.8 children per women increased as compared to 1.6 in 2016.
Kerala’s demographic profile is marked by urbanisation, with 47.7% of its population residing in urban areas, making it the second-most urbanised major state in India. The state’s coastal regions are densely populated, contrasting with sparsely inhabited eastern hills and mountains. The evolution of population growth in Kerala presents a unique narrative, with the lowest decadal growth rate in India at 4.9% in 2011, less than one third of the national average.
The density of population in Kerala is noteworthy, standing at 860 persons per sq. km in 2011. Despite this high density, the state has managed to maintain a sustainable growth rate, owing to its unique settlement patterns and urban sprawl. The urban population in Kerala has witnessed a substantial increase, with the proliferation of towns, contributing to the state’s urbanisation.
In conclusion, Kerala’s demography is a beautiful mosaic woven with factors like literacy, sex ratio, and urbanisation. The state’s conscious efforts towards education and healthcare have not only set it apart in the Indian context but also shaped a demographic story that stands as a model for sustainable growth.